On this day in history: 10 January

simplified, flat, 2D greyscale sketch of George Bernard Shaw, the Irish playwright and critic, with minimal details and clean, abstract lines

Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything” ~ George Bernard Shaw, plays and essays, 1900s

49 BC: Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

On January 10, 49 BC, Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon River with his army, defying the Roman Senate and triggering a civil war that marked the end of the Roman Republic.

“It is better to create than to learn. Creating is the essence of life.”
~ Julius Caesar
Source: Commentaries on the Civil War, 49 BC


1776: Thomas Paine Publishes Common Sense

On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sense, a pamphlet that called for American independence and stirred the colonies to revolt against Britain.

“The duty of a patriot is to protect his country from its government.”
~ Thomas Paine
Source: Common Sense, 1776


1863: World’s First Underground Railway Opens in London

On January 10, 1863, the London Underground, the world’s first subway system, began operations, transforming urban transportation and inspiring modern metro systems.

“Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.”
~ George Bernard Shaw
Source: Plays and essays, 1900s


1901: First Major Oil Strike in the U.S. at Spindletop, Texas

On January 10, 1901, the Spindletop oil field in Texas erupted, marking the start of the modern oil industry in the United States and fueling economic growth.

“Success usually comes to those who are too busy to be looking for it.”
~ Henry David Thoreau
Source: Walden, 1854


1920: The League of Nations Is Formed

On January 10, 1920, the League of Nations was founded in Geneva, Switzerland, as the first international organization dedicated to maintaining world peace.

“To be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.”
~ Nelson Mandela
Source: Long Walk to Freedom, 1994


1927: Fritz Lang’s Film Metropolis Premieres

On January 10, 1927, Fritz Lang’s silent science-fiction film Metropolis premiered in Berlin, depicting a dystopian future and influencing modern cinema.

“The vision of one man can inspire millions to imagine the impossible.”
~ Fritz Lang
Source: Interviews, 1927


1946: The First United Nations General Assembly Convenes

On January 10, 1946, the United Nations General Assembly held its first session in London, laying the groundwork for global cooperation and peacekeeping efforts.

“The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.”
~ Mahatma Gandhi
Source: Speeches, 1930s


1962: NASA Announces Plans for the Apollo Missions

On January 10, 1962, NASA unveiled its plans for the Apollo missions, which culminated in the 1969 Moon landing, advancing space exploration and science.

“Shoot for the moon. Even if you miss, you’ll land among the stars.”
~ Norman Vincent Peale
Source: The Power of Positive Thinking, 1952


1984: The U.S. Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Vatican City

On January 10, 1984, the United States formalized diplomatic relations with Vatican City, strengthening international ties with the Catholic Church.

“Faith is not something to grasp; it is a state to grow into.”
~ Mahatma Gandhi
Source: Letters, 1931


2016: David Bowie Dies at 69

On January 10, 2016, David Bowie, one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, died at age 69, leaving behind a legacy of creativity and reinvention.

“We can be heroes, just for one day.”
~ David Bowie
Source: Heroes, 1977